疯豆动词的-ing形式作定语
1．单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室
running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋
a working method = a method of working工作方法
必背：
a sewing machine 缝纫机
a swimming pool 游泳池
a drawing board 画板
a dining car 餐车
a driving permit 驾驶许可证
a walking stick 手杖
a singing competition 歌咏比赛
a waiting room 候车室
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题
The working people are masters of our country.劳动人民是我们国家的主人。
Let sleeping dogs lie.不要惹麻烦。
必背：
a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧
an astonishing adventure惊人的冒险
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿
a barking dog 狂吠的狗
the setting sun 落日
the coming week 下一周
failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力
2．作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
The book being discussed a lot will be published next month.人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。
3．有些情况下，动词的-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。
①作定语的-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
②-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要修建了。
间吗？F．动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。（= When she saw those pictures...）
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After we have made full preparation...）
2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。（= As I don't know his address...）
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill...）
3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（= ... and left him a lot of money）
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（= ... and broke it into pieces...）
4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。（= If you go straight down the road...）
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。（= If you work hard at your lessons...）
5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。（= Although they knew all this...）
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（= Though he worked hard as he did...）
6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）
She came into the house, carrying a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。（= ...and carried a lot of books）
三、动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语
1．单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室
running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋
a working method = a method of working工作方法
必背：
a sewing machine 缝纫机
a swimming pool 游泳池
a drawing board 画板
a dining car 餐车
a driving permit 驾驶许可证
a walking stick 手杖
a singing competition 歌咏比赛
a waiting room 候车室
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题
The working people are masters of our country.劳动人民是我们国家的主人。
Let sleeping dogs lie.不要惹麻烦。
必背：
a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧
an astonishing adventure惊人的冒险
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿
a barking dog 狂吠的狗
the setting sun 落日
the coming week 下一周
failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力
2．作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。
The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory.装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
The book being discussed a lot will be published next month.人们谈论很多的那本书下一个月将出版。
3．有些情况下，动词的-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语从句。
①作定语的-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。
【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.
【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。
②-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。
【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.
【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要修建了。
间吗？F．动词的-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。（= When she saw those pictures...）
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After we have made full preparation...）
2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。（= As I don't know his address...）
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill...）
3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。（= ... and left him a lot of money）
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（= ... and broke it into pieces...）
4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。（= If you go straight down the road...）
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。（= If you work hard at your lessons...）
5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。（= Although they knew all this...）
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（= Though he worked hard as he did...）
6．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。（= ...and stared at the sky for a long time）
She came into the house, carrying a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。（= ...and carried a lot of books）
三、动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语
