变形缝可分为伸缩缝、沉降缝、防震缝三种。伸缩缝:建筑构件因温度和湿度等因素的变化会产生胀缩变形。为此,通常在建筑物适当的部位设置垂直缝隙,自基础以上将房屋的墙体、楼板层、 屋顶等构件断开,将建筑物分离成几个独立的部分。为克服过大的温度差而设置的缝,基础可不断开,从基础顶面至屋顶沿结构断开。防震缝:为使建筑物较规则,以及有利于结构抗震而设置的缝,基础可不断开。它的设置目的是将大型建筑物分隔为较小的部分,形成相对独立的防震单元,避免因地震造成建筑物整体震动不协调,而产生破坏。在抗震设防区,沉降缝和伸缩缝须满足抗震缝要求。沉降缝: 指同一建筑物高低相差悬殊,上部荷载分布不均匀,或建在不同地基土壤上时,为避免不均匀沉降使墙体或其它结构部位开裂而设置的建筑构造缝。沉降缝把建筑物划分成几个段落,自成系统,从基础、墙体、楼板到房顶各不连接。缝宽一般为70-100毫米。将建筑物或构筑物从基础至顶部完全分隔成段的竖直缝。借以避免各段不均匀下沉而产生裂缝。通常设置在建筑高低、荷载或地基承载力差别很大的各部分之间,以及在新旧建筑的联接处。有很多建筑物对这三种接缝进行了综合考虑,即所谓的“三缝合一”
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=9eb749f1a0cd7b89e96c3a8b3f254291/3392b0c27d1ed21b444467deeb6eddc451da3f06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_a03eb980f172d254875fa57d82dc1977)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=de9ba80c73fae6cd0cb4ab693fb20f9e/60399394a4c27d1e9bab72ff5dd5ad6eddc43806.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_6698a0a6b15d855d80b1c36bf6f38f8f)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=4e94d713d12bd40742c7d3f54b889e9c/2643c288d43f8794e3720115941b0ef41bd53a06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_3128957fd430e1e99254f43f41380a86)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=e3a8eb20920735fa91f04eb1ae500f9f/628ec03f8794a4c235aeae1048f41bd5ad6e3906.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_14eb603290de7ba13508df9a7743144e)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=7a6bcaf61466d0167e199e20a72ad498/7cfad7cec3fdfc03d1f5aa83923f8794a4c22606.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_9d2785a6b25d4ec50c076944df411b72)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=8b83b49e9743ad4ba62e46c8b2035a89/e5dc95cb39dbb6fd00d6ac1d4f24ab18972b3706.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_0d12b7f6edde3cd24165f8b3394c11c9)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=1317a5388e95d143da76e42b43f18296/69c245da81cb39dbe74d2e6d96160924ab183006.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_4ff355660a0f5602dda295dd901c2c48)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=85f3d140971373f0f53f6f97940e4b8b/8ddda2fd5266d0165d94d713d12bd40735fa3506.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_30fe92b535a941274a2602b06dcbee7c)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=92c6a1cf17da81cb4ee683c56267d0a4/7917668b4710b912f754bfc585fdfc039245227e.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_366c163ea823f8d4ec4c127c7914b473)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=d0e173b8492442a7ae0efdade142ad95/baf20fd5ad6eddc41f6afdc07fdbb6fd52663306.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_383cea569b50c72a1bb94cdc30285659)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=f6d47f443ef0f736d8fe4c093a54b382/52cb6f899e510fb352943eac9f33c895d1430c06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_5d9d37acc43a2ef3a00c5e5a6a92d812)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=27408b3de9c379317d688621dbc5b784/2a571bb30f2442a78683b49e9743ad4bd1130206.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_944291843e41838cf4694ab5bd9239a1)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=a75dd76f454f78f0800b9afb49300a83/81fcf2cd7b899e515303732f04a7d933c8950d06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_c8cfd481307d67c5d8fdcb8a80ee0130)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=9eb749f1a0cd7b89e96c3a8b3f254291/3392b0c27d1ed21b444467deeb6eddc451da3f06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_a03eb980f172d254875fa57d82dc1977)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=de9ba80c73fae6cd0cb4ab693fb20f9e/60399394a4c27d1e9bab72ff5dd5ad6eddc43806.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_6698a0a6b15d855d80b1c36bf6f38f8f)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=4e94d713d12bd40742c7d3f54b889e9c/2643c288d43f8794e3720115941b0ef41bd53a06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_3128957fd430e1e99254f43f41380a86)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=e3a8eb20920735fa91f04eb1ae500f9f/628ec03f8794a4c235aeae1048f41bd5ad6e3906.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_14eb603290de7ba13508df9a7743144e)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=7a6bcaf61466d0167e199e20a72ad498/7cfad7cec3fdfc03d1f5aa83923f8794a4c22606.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_9d2785a6b25d4ec50c076944df411b72)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=8b83b49e9743ad4ba62e46c8b2035a89/e5dc95cb39dbb6fd00d6ac1d4f24ab18972b3706.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_0d12b7f6edde3cd24165f8b3394c11c9)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=1317a5388e95d143da76e42b43f18296/69c245da81cb39dbe74d2e6d96160924ab183006.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_4ff355660a0f5602dda295dd901c2c48)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=85f3d140971373f0f53f6f97940e4b8b/8ddda2fd5266d0165d94d713d12bd40735fa3506.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_30fe92b535a941274a2602b06dcbee7c)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=92c6a1cf17da81cb4ee683c56267d0a4/7917668b4710b912f754bfc585fdfc039245227e.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_366c163ea823f8d4ec4c127c7914b473)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=d0e173b8492442a7ae0efdade142ad95/baf20fd5ad6eddc41f6afdc07fdbb6fd52663306.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_383cea569b50c72a1bb94cdc30285659)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=f6d47f443ef0f736d8fe4c093a54b382/52cb6f899e510fb352943eac9f33c895d1430c06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_5d9d37acc43a2ef3a00c5e5a6a92d812)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=27408b3de9c379317d688621dbc5b784/2a571bb30f2442a78683b49e9743ad4bd1130206.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_944291843e41838cf4694ab5bd9239a1)
![](http://tiebapic.baidu.com/forum/w%3D580/sign=a75dd76f454f78f0800b9afb49300a83/81fcf2cd7b899e515303732f04a7d933c8950d06.jpg?tbpicau=2024-08-24-05_c8cfd481307d67c5d8fdcb8a80ee0130)