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Acid Concentration

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The refraction of light through sulphuric acid will depend on the temperature and concentration. This property can be used to determine the concentration of sulphuric acid.
Energy radiated from a LED passes through the prism surface to be reflected off a mirror to the prism-to-process interface. The light reaching this interface intersects the same interface over a series of angles chosen to include the critical angle (Ic) for the process being measured. Light intersecting the interface at an angle greater than the critical angle is refracted into the solution. Light intersecting the interface at less than the critical angle is reflected up to a mirror and out of the prism up to the charge coupled device (COD) linear array to be scanned.
The image seen by the CCD is composed of simple light and dark periods. As the refractive index of the process changes, the change in critical angle, changes the ratio of light to dark periods as seen by the CCD. This time period change is further enhanced and displayed as a reading in refractive index.




IP属地:湖北1楼2012-03-07 18:59回复



    IP属地:湖北2楼2012-03-07 18:59
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      The MPR E-Scan is well suited for measuring the strength of Sulphuric Acid. The sensing head is custom built for this application with either Hastelloy C or Alloy 20 wetted parts (other alloys also available). The non-wetted parts and the interconnection cable can be Teflon® coated for added protection. The preferred mounting adapter is a lined diaphram valve body with a custom Teflon® mounting block. If coating is an issue, an in-line adapter manufactured from Alloy 20 (or other alloys) can be used along with a hand-operated cleaner machined from the same material. Sulphuric Acid has a unique refractive index curve (see graph) that peaks at 88%. If the desired measurement range includes this peak value, the MPR E-Scan, with its multi-range capability, can be calibrated to accurately measure both below and above 88%.


      IP属地:湖北3楼2012-03-07 19:03
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        IP属地:湖北4楼2012-03-07 19:04
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          IP属地:湖北5楼2012-03-07 19:05
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            For most applications with pipeline sizes less than 2” (50mm), the In-Line Adapter is suggested. This adapter is available with either flanges or NPT couplings and allows the MPR E-Scan sensing head to be installed directly in the pipeline. The internal design of the adapter ensures that the process is forced directly on the sensing head prism for an accurate reading.
            The suggested orientation of the sensing head is on a horizontal plane for a horizontal segment of pipe. A vertical segment of pipe is also acceptable if the flow is in the upward direction. A cleaning purge tube is standard unless specified otherwise. These adapters can also be manufactured from a variety of exotic materials.
            A maintenance plug is also available for operation without the sensing head installed.


            IP属地:湖北6楼2012-03-07 19:06
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              IP属地:湖北7楼2012-03-07 19:07
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                WE MANUFACTURE REFRACTOMETERS, PROCESS ANALYZERS, MONITOR DIVERT SYSTEMS AND X-RAY THICKNESS GAGES.
                Our mission is to provide innovative high quality products and superior service. We combine our tradition of excellence with a commitment to fulfilling the needs of our customers. Our goal is to provide complete customer satisfaction, foster the development of our employees and enhance our Company's value. Our refractometers have become a specified standard in the pulp & paper, food and chemical processing industries. Our X-ray thickness gage provides continuous, accurate and high-speed metal strip measurement.

                


                IP属地:湖北8楼2012-03-07 19:16
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                  Hydrochloric acid can be accurately measured using the MPR E-Scan. To survive in such an acid, the wetted metal of the sensing head is normally made from Tantalum (other alloys are available). The non-wetted parts and the interconnection cable can be Teflon® coated for added protection. The preferred mounting adapter is a lined diaphram valve body with a Teflon® mounting block.


                  IP属地:湖北11楼2012-03-19 11:18
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                    IP属地:湖北12楼2012-05-21 10:06
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                      The need for inline analysis of H2SO4 in conversion processes of sulphurdioxide gas into sulphuric acid has increased in recent years, due to safety regulations and the need for reducing the costs of laboratory analyses. The EMC Model E-Scan concentration analyzer, which uses the velocity of ultrasound as the measured parameter, enables an easy, reliable and maintenance-free analysis. Sulphuric acid is mainly produced in concentrations of 93% to 99%. In order to obtain polynomial values for the calibration, samples of 70 to 100 % have been tested in the temperature range of 20ºC to 60ºC and at ambient pressure. (For tests in the oleum region, above 100% acid, refer to the Oleum Application Note). The average intrinsic error of analysis of the EMC Model E-Scan concentration analyzer can be determined based on the accuracy of sound velocity and temperature measurement. Due to the high accuracy of both parameters, the error is below ±0,05% acid for concentrations above 80% and below ±0.01% for concentrations above 90%. The intrinsic error of any instrument used to measure concentration is inversely proportional to the slope of the measured variable vs. concentration. The density curve flattens out above 95%, and the conductivity curve flattens below 94%. Consequently, the errors of analysis of densitometers and conductivity sensors are large in these respective regions and it is in these regions that the ultrasonic concentration analyzer offers greatest benefit. The sound velocity curve has a continuous, steep slope throughout the most common range of concentrations, resulting in the remarkable accuracy’s. Conclusions EMC Model E-Scan Concentration Analyzer is the most accurate instrument in the 90%-100% sulfuric acid range. It is the only instrument that can be used over the entire range of commercial concentrations with remarkable accuracy. In addition, it has no moving parts and its accuracy is not degraded by fouling as are densitometers and conductivity sensors. In addition, the UltraSmart system makes the analysis highly reliable, all together resulting in higher profitability in any plant where the concentration of H2SO4 must be carefully measured and/or controlled. The sensor is made of Alloy 20, Hastelloy C-276 .


                      IP属地:湖北13楼2012-08-19 11:32
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                        IP属地:湖北15楼2022-05-24 08:51
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