1)这两个时态都谈已经发生的事,主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系,或是对现在有影响,或谈现在以前这一段时间里发生的事,而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事,与现在没有联系。因此凡是有过去时间状语时,只能用过去时:
She was here a minute ago. 一分钟之前她还在这里。
They gave it to me just now. 这是他们刚才给我的。
When did you come in? 你什么时候进来的?
I woke up at six. 我六点醒的。
凡是单纯谈过去的事,与现在毫无联系时也多用过去时,试比较下面的几组句子:
I’ve bought some fruit for you. 我给你买了点水果。(送来这里)
I bought the fruit in the supermarket. 这些水果我是在超市里买的。
She has written some stories. 她写了一些短篇小说。 (说明成就)
She wrote the short stories in Shanghai. 这些短篇小说是她在上海写的。
I have just had my lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。(因此不饿)
I had my lunch in a cafeteria. 我是在自助餐厅吃的午饭。
I’ve learn a lot from you. 我向你学到了很多东西。(因此很感谢你)
I learnt a lot there. 我在那里学到了很多东西。
2)有时同一个动作,根据具体情况,可能需用不同的时态,如:
He’s been in the army for two years. 他在部队两年了。(现在还在部队)
He was in the army for two years. 他在部队待过两年。(现已离开)
She’s done this all these years. 这些年她都是这样做的。(直到如今)
She did this for many years. 她这样做有许多年了。 (现在不这样做了)
Tom has rung up three times this morning. 今天早上汤姆打来过三个电话。(现在还是早晨)
Tom rang up three times this morning. 今天早上汤姆打来过三个电话。(现在是下午)
I haven’t seen her this afternoon. 今天下午我没见过她。 (现在仍是下午)
I didn’t see her this afternoon. 今天下午我没见到过她。(现在已经是晚上)
We’ve had little rain this summer. 今年夏天雨水很少。(现在仍是夏天)
We had little rain in the summer.夏天雨水很少。(现在已经不是夏天)
3)有些动作(显然是过去的动作),尽管没有时间状语,仍需用过去时:
Did you know that he was going to be married? 你知道他要结婚了吗?
I didn’t know you were in London too. 我不知道你也在伦敦。
When did you get back? 你什么时候回来的?
I heard you were coming to China this autumn. 我听说你今年秋天要到中国来。
Why did you buy this? 你为什么买这个?
Did you see anything interesting at the exhibition? 在展览会上你看到什么有趣的东西吗?
Why did you get up so early?你为什么起得这么早?
How did you like the show? 你觉得演出如何?
这时不宜用现在完成时。
She was here a minute ago. 一分钟之前她还在这里。
They gave it to me just now. 这是他们刚才给我的。
When did you come in? 你什么时候进来的?
I woke up at six. 我六点醒的。
凡是单纯谈过去的事,与现在毫无联系时也多用过去时,试比较下面的几组句子:
I’ve bought some fruit for you. 我给你买了点水果。(送来这里)
I bought the fruit in the supermarket. 这些水果我是在超市里买的。
She has written some stories. 她写了一些短篇小说。 (说明成就)
She wrote the short stories in Shanghai. 这些短篇小说是她在上海写的。
I have just had my lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。(因此不饿)
I had my lunch in a cafeteria. 我是在自助餐厅吃的午饭。
I’ve learn a lot from you. 我向你学到了很多东西。(因此很感谢你)
I learnt a lot there. 我在那里学到了很多东西。
2)有时同一个动作,根据具体情况,可能需用不同的时态,如:
He’s been in the army for two years. 他在部队两年了。(现在还在部队)
He was in the army for two years. 他在部队待过两年。(现已离开)
She’s done this all these years. 这些年她都是这样做的。(直到如今)
She did this for many years. 她这样做有许多年了。 (现在不这样做了)
Tom has rung up three times this morning. 今天早上汤姆打来过三个电话。(现在还是早晨)
Tom rang up three times this morning. 今天早上汤姆打来过三个电话。(现在是下午)
I haven’t seen her this afternoon. 今天下午我没见过她。 (现在仍是下午)
I didn’t see her this afternoon. 今天下午我没见到过她。(现在已经是晚上)
We’ve had little rain this summer. 今年夏天雨水很少。(现在仍是夏天)
We had little rain in the summer.夏天雨水很少。(现在已经不是夏天)
3)有些动作(显然是过去的动作),尽管没有时间状语,仍需用过去时:
Did you know that he was going to be married? 你知道他要结婚了吗?
I didn’t know you were in London too. 我不知道你也在伦敦。
When did you get back? 你什么时候回来的?
I heard you were coming to China this autumn. 我听说你今年秋天要到中国来。
Why did you buy this? 你为什么买这个?
Did you see anything interesting at the exhibition? 在展览会上你看到什么有趣的东西吗?
Why did you get up so early?你为什么起得这么早?
How did you like the show? 你觉得演出如何?
这时不宜用现在完成时。