To 后面都是目的状语吧，好像叫这名字

Guys，you don not know 主语和谓语
what i would give to have my dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek
to feel his rough old face .这是宾语从句。

不知道楼上什么心态，有优越感吗

what后引导了一个宾从，to后面是目的状语，里面有一个have sb do的结构，意味让某人做某事。

各位，你们不知道，为了能让父亲哪怕就一次再亲亲我的脸颊，能让我感受他那粗糙苍老的面庞我愿意付出什么！
断句:you don't know, what I would give, to have my dad give me just one more kiss on the cheek, to feel his rough old face.

活到老学到老好样的

it touched me
hope all of old fathers in the world will be happy and health every day

what当然不能换成whatever了先不说语法，意义上你的感觉说的通么？一个“你不知道我愿意付出什么”，一个是“你不知道我愿意付出无论什么”，你觉得你会怎么说呢？
用whatever也可以，但是原句的结构就要大变了，比如You know that I would give whatever I can to have my dad……
这是基本的语感，汉语的语感