To what extent can it be said that the First World War was caused by the Alliance system?
Yuhan Zhang
The causes of the First World War is a widely discussed topic for decades, historians focus on different aspects of the war, drawing their own conclusion to which factor caused the war. A.P.J Taylor claims the war is a “series of mishaps and misunderstanding” inevitably involved all the European super powers due to the nature of mobilisation being dependent on timetable arrangements for trains, which could not be easily altered. Kissinger seems to blame the individuals and leaders of European countries for arranging alliances escalating tension which lead to more tense military plans finally resulting the war. Fischer, however, holds a more extreme belief, blaming Germany solely for starting the war deliberately. Similarly, Ferguson puts the blame on Great Britain, which he believes had turned the third Balkan war into a world war. Despite the divergence of opinions, it is agreed that none of the factors could cause the war alone. Therefore, though the alliance systems seem to be a major cause of the Great War as it made all European countries to be involved in a war which not necessarily affects their interest, other factors had led to the formation of the alliance system and the war more directly.
The Alliance system began to gradually build up after the end of the Franco-Prussian war in 1871, when European great powers were threatened by the newly formed Germany, who militaristically declared its formation in the hall of mirrors, in Versailles. Nevertheless the formal chancellor of Prussia and chancellor of Germany, Otto von Bismarck did not seek for more expansion, he believed Germany is a “satisfied state”, this eased the fear and anxiety of other European powers to seek for allies immediately. Bismarck’s main foreign objective is to isolate France, who seems to be recovering rapidly from the loss of the Franco-Prussian war, in order to prevent a two front war Germany wishes to form an alliance system with Russian and Austria-Hungry.
Yuhan Zhang
The causes of the First World War is a widely discussed topic for decades, historians focus on different aspects of the war, drawing their own conclusion to which factor caused the war. A.P.J Taylor claims the war is a “series of mishaps and misunderstanding” inevitably involved all the European super powers due to the nature of mobilisation being dependent on timetable arrangements for trains, which could not be easily altered. Kissinger seems to blame the individuals and leaders of European countries for arranging alliances escalating tension which lead to more tense military plans finally resulting the war. Fischer, however, holds a more extreme belief, blaming Germany solely for starting the war deliberately. Similarly, Ferguson puts the blame on Great Britain, which he believes had turned the third Balkan war into a world war. Despite the divergence of opinions, it is agreed that none of the factors could cause the war alone. Therefore, though the alliance systems seem to be a major cause of the Great War as it made all European countries to be involved in a war which not necessarily affects their interest, other factors had led to the formation of the alliance system and the war more directly.
The Alliance system began to gradually build up after the end of the Franco-Prussian war in 1871, when European great powers were threatened by the newly formed Germany, who militaristically declared its formation in the hall of mirrors, in Versailles. Nevertheless the formal chancellor of Prussia and chancellor of Germany, Otto von Bismarck did not seek for more expansion, he believed Germany is a “satisfied state”, this eased the fear and anxiety of other European powers to seek for allies immediately. Bismarck’s main foreign objective is to isolate France, who seems to be recovering rapidly from the loss of the Franco-Prussian war, in order to prevent a two front war Germany wishes to form an alliance system with Russian and Austria-Hungry.